The history of Web3 has seen significant paradigm shifts, beginning with general-purpose blockchains like Ethereum, which proved that decentralized systems were viable but struggled with scalability. As growing demand pushed Ethereum’s performance limitations, the industry shifted toward performance-oriented solutions. These projects, including layer 1 and layer 2 blockchains, aimed to solve the “scalability trilemma,” improving transaction speeds and costs, but still adhered to the idea of one blockchain handling everything. Recently, the focus has shifted to purpose-built blockchains designed for specific use cases rather than general-purpose applications.
Purpose-built blockchains present a fundamental shift from prior infrastructure, not only because they built their technology using a modular approach; their main difference from general purpose and performance-oriented blockchains is that they are not trying to provide a one-size-fits-all, but rather pose a decentralized platform that is centered around a typical use case. Their approach to building a solution does not start with a Web3-native problem—as is the case with performance-oriented blockchain—but rather with an issue that lies beyond the scope of the industry: a real-world use case that decentralized technology adapts to.
As in Story's case, this targeted performance enhancement is often achieved by enshrining pre-compiled smart contracts that carry the chain’s essential business logic. In combination, the modular layers are chosen with the particular use case in mind, allowing a fine-tuned approach with a clear goal. Finally, the design of a dedicated, purpose-built blockchain allows for the implementation of validator-specific logic to unleash advanced use cases. The clear focus on one use case allows purpose-built blockchains to inject problem-specific logic at the infrastructure layer, providing users of the blockchains performance benefits for the specific use case without needing to adhere to all possible use cases (as with general-purpose blockchains).
You can read more about purpose-built blockchains here.